2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna

The skeleton slot antenna used to be pretty popular on 2-meters and higher frequencies. (an antenna company in the U.K.) used to make several different models for 2-meters with different numbers of parasitic elements. Basically, the antennas were yagis except for the feed which was a skeleton slot. And no degradation of performance at 2 meters and 70cm? Review of the Literature J. Harris - Stack tri band J-pole QST 1980 Suffers the same problem of 2 mt section radiating at UHF. Comet CX-333 $162 uses 3 radials (uses traps) Diamond –X3200A $164 uses 3 radials (uses traps) D. Mariotti –Heavy Duty Multi Band Vertical Antenna –CQ.

  1. 2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna
  2. 2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna Building
  3. 2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna
2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna
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2 meter slot cube antenna

Build a 2 Meter, 5/4 Wave Antenna

By Mike Martell N1HFX

2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna

2 meter slot cube antenna building

Many RASON members truly enjoyed last month's collinear antenna. This month I decided to build a 2 meter 5/4 wave antenna. This antenna is unique in that it is enclosed entirely in 3/4' PVC which makes the design a little more complicated. The primary problem is that PVC tubing has a significant velocity factor which causes RF to slow down. This means that an antenna encased in PVC will normally need to have it's physical length reduced by about 19%. To further complicate the design, a 5/4 wave antenna's impedance has a highly inductive component which must be tuned out to get a good match. Fortunately, the design in Figure 1 solves all of these problems.

This antenna is made with the following components:

About 2 feet of outdoor type 300 ohm TV twin lead (Used for matching system.)
About 5 feet of #18 stranded insulated wire (Used for radiating element.)
About 5 feet of RG58/U coax
One PL259 Connector
One PL259 female to female coupler
About 8 feet of 3/4' PVC tubing. (normally sold in 10 foot lengths)
Two 3/4' PVC end caps
About 8 feet of 1/4' hardwood dowel (normally sold in 4 or 5 foot lengths)
About 25 small tie wraps
Miscellaneous PVC cement, solder, small piece of tubing, etc.

The twin lead was originally cut for 20 inches with 4 7/8 inches cut back on the braid or ground side. The #18 insulated wire was cut to exactly 57 3/4 inches. The overall length of the antenna assembly is 77 3/4 inches. This indicates a velocity factor of about .81 compared to a normal 5/4 wave 146 Mhz antenna. See calculation below:

234 * 5 / 146 X .81 = 6.49 feet or about 77.88 inches

Now that we have all our parts, lets begin assembly by cutting back the insulation of the coax and the TV twin lead. We will need to cut back the coax to expose the center conductor as well as part of the braid. It is a good idea to lightly thin the braid with solder to prevent any strands from shorting out to the center conductor. Solder the center conductor to one end of the twin lead and solder the braid to the other end off the twin lead as in Figure 1. Notice the braid of the coax is soldered to the shorter part of the twin lead which is left open. This serves as our matching system which adds capacitance to our antenna to offset the inductive component of the antenna. Trim the twin lead to 20 inches and solder about 60 inches of #18 stranded wire to the twin lead as in Figure 1. The insulation should not be removed except as necessary for soldering.

Prepare the 1/4' hardwood dowel by joining two 4 or 5 foot lengths together. The ends can be joined by crimping a 1 inch length of 5/16' aluminum tubing or using a good quality wood glue. Now attach the coax, twin lead and wire assembly to the 1/4' dowel using tie wraps about every 3 inches. Pull the twin lead and wire to keep it as straight as possible. Before attaching the PL259 connector to the coax, drill a hole in one of the PVC end caps and slide it over the coax to prepare for permanent mounting in the PVC. Now attach the PL259 connector as well as any other connectors needed to check SWR. Cut back the open end of the twin lead to about 16 inches as in Figure 1.

2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna

Now we are ready for final tuning. Slide the antenna, dowel assembly inside the 3/4' PVC first. All SWR readings must be taken with the antenna, dowel assembly inside the PVC tubing or the antenna will appear electrically shorter than necessary. Check SWR on both the top and bottom edge of the band. If the SWR is higher at 147.995 Mhz than at 144.005 Mhz then the antenna is too long and should be shortened. Cut off no more than a 1/4' at a time of the #18 wire. Also, trim the open end of the twin lead by no more than 1/8' at a time to further lower SWR. Remember the twin lead is simply a matching system which changes impedance and has no real effect on the electrical lengh of the antenna. The final lenghs of the #18 wire and twin lead should very closely resemble those listed in Figure 1. The prototype antenna achieved SWR readings of less then 1.2 to 1 across the entire 2 meter band. Remember to keep the antenna away from metal objects when checking SWR.

After the antenna is properly tuned, trim the antenna dowel assembly to about 7 feet. Leave a few inches of coax attached to the bottom of the dowel so that the mast will be away from the twin lead portion of the antenna when mounted. Trim the PVC tubing to about 7' 2' and cement the top end cap. Double check SWR before cementing the bottom end cap. After SWR has been doubled checked, slide the antenna, dowel assembly into the PVC and cement the bottom end cap. If desired, styrofoam spacers may be used to get a very snug fit. Waterproof the bottom end cap where the coax leaves the antenna. When completed, the antenna should resemble Figure 2.

When mounting the antenna, use a PL259 female to female coupler. Do not use RG58/U for the entire feed line because it is too lossy. Use good quality RG8/U or similar coax for the feedline. Of course, do not forget to waterproof the female to female coupler. Mount to any mast using standard TV antenna clamps at the bottom of the antenna and keep it high and away from other metal objects for best performance and lowest SWR.

Although not actually measured, this antenna should give at least 6 dB gain if mounted high enough. Remember, the small diameter of the radiating element has no effect on the radiation resistance. The only real benefit with using a large diameter radiating element is durability and slightly improved bandwidth. This antenna should give many years of reliable performance for a fraction of the cost of a commercial antenna.

DE N1HFX

2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna Building

2 Meter Slot Cube Antenna

TUNE AROUND!

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My Quad Project
A 2 Element Cubical Quad for the 10/11 Meter Band
by N1UUE

I am a firm believer in the phrase, ' Why reinvent the wheel?'.
This antenna is a plumbers dream.Most parts are available on the World Wide Web or at some larger hardware stores. This two-element Cubical Quad antenna is designed for use on either the 10-meter ham band or the 11-meter Citizen's Band.

When all was said and done, my SWR readings were 1.3 to 1.7 on the 10-meter band. At one point during the tuning phase, I had a reading of 1 to 1 at about 29.5 MHz. I tried to stay with an age-old design but also used commercially available parts. This kept the weight factor manageable for a 10 or 11-meter size quad. My PVC version sports vertical polarity plus an easy to change coaxial feed to the driven element.

The thing turned out quite well cosmetically and I was very pleased with the electrical properties. I was involved in building a similar antenna in the mid 60's.Back then, many of us had a CB Radio. The basic design hasn't evolved much but the construction material has.This antenna weighs just about 20 pounds, the sixties version was nearly 45 lbs and all wood.

The Boom is 63 inches from end to end. I used 60 inches of 1 1/2 inch sch 40 PVC pipe. The pipe is secured to the end hubs with 1/4 x 2 1/2 inch stainless machine thread carriage bolts and nuts. By not cementing these in place, it allowed me to construct each end section one at a time. It also makes any future repair allot easier. The two 5 way hubs that support the spreader arms are also PVC. These came from an on-line greenhouse building supply company.


With the help of 8 reducers from an on-line hardware company, the hubs will accept 1/2 inch sch 40 PVC pipe. The ? inch PVC pipe sections are 12 inches long (15 inches for CB Band ). A 4-way one-inch slot is cut in one end.These slots allow 1 1/2' stainless hose clamps to secure the 1/2 inch dia by 72 inch solid fiberglass spreader arms. This design makes for easy adjustment of the spreader arms.

The fiberglass spreader arms were once electric fence posts in a previous life. These too are from an on-line electric fence supply Co. (See source below) On the end of each spreader arm, I attached a 2-inch long by 1-inch diameter section of black nylon rod. I ordered a 3-foot section from an On-Line plastic supply company and cut them to length on my table saw. I drilled a 1/2 inch centered 1-inch deep hole in each. I secured the nylon tips with friction and a dab of hot glue. These tips support the 12 ga. stranded Primary wire that I purchased from a local automotive supply store.The opposite end of each nylon tip has a 1/8-inch dia hole drilled from side to side for passing the wire through. I placed it 1/2 inches from the top of each piece.

I used the dimensions from an on-line quad calculator to provide the exact length wire needed for the reflector and the driven element. I measured these very precisely but left about 6 inches of extra wire on each end.The wire has a white plastic coating. I used a black marker to mark off each quarter length. I colored 1/2 inches on either side of that mark with a red marker. This made adjustment simple when I slid the fiberglass rods out to their proper position.I secured the wire in place with small nylon pull ties and a dab of hot glue on either side of the nylon tips.

The reflector wire is cut at the beginning of the first red mark and at the end of the last. I striped the coating back 1-inch on each end. I then overlapped and soldered the two ends together.
(A second person here helps to flex the rod to one side until the solder is cool.) With the soldered joint securely inside the nylon tip, the fiberglass rods can be extended to their proper length. The wire should be taut on all four sections. After tightening the hose clamps, this completed the reflector loop.

The Boom mounting plate (shown below) uses two stainless 1 7/8th' exhaust clamps and two 1 1/4' mast clamps. This picture shows a piece of aluminum plate 1/4' X 4' X 12'. I drilled and attached the plate to the boom centered and plumbed. The aluminum plate and the stainless clamps came from 'That' on-line auction or buy-now web company.


Moving to the business end of the boom, the supporting structures are exactly the same as the reflector end with only one minor change. The beginning and end of the driven element are attached at either of the horizontal spreader arms. At this tip, I expanded the 1/8th hole to a 3/8th hole. I placed a 2 1/2 by 3/8th inch machine thread nylon retaining bolt here as an attachment point for either end of the wire. I needed a thin machine thread nut so I sawed one in half. After tapping the bolt into place, I was left with one half of the nut on either side of the nylon tip. I secured the nut with a small bit of hot glue. I drilled 1/8th inch holes through the nylon bolt on either side of the nuts parallel to the boom to secure the element wires. Now I threaded the wire through the tips.

I placed the black mark at the center of the nylon tip then carefully held the wire in-place and passed the correct amount of wire through the 1/8 inch hole and secured it in place with a pull tie and hot glue. I repeated this on the opposite side of the tip. I did this to make certain each wire was the same length as the other 2 sections. It only took seconds to do this but it takes a lot of words to describe the process.

After securing the wires with wire ties and hot glue, I was left with 2 short ends. I stripped the covering off each end exposing copper to the black marks. At this point, I slid the last spreader arm out to take up the slack in the wires and tightened the stainless hose clamp.

If you look at the next to last picture above, you will see a small aluminum project box.
I attached an SO 239 at one end and drilled two holes and installed rubber grommets to the other end of the box to protect the feed wires. I also installed one U bolt to attach the box to the spreader arm just below the attachment points.
(Note: An optional balun could be installed here in place of the simple project box.)

I stripped out about 6 inches of coax shield from some spare RG58 cable and divided this in two. I drilled a small hole next to each grommet as attachment points for small ring connectors. I secured these with sheet metal screws.I slid a section of shield down each short feed wire and soldered part of the shield to the ring connectors. I slid a piece of shrink tubing down each wire. I soldered each wire to a feed point and slid the shrink tubing over the joints. I slid the braid up to the beginning of the plastic coating on one of the element wires and secured it with a pull tie. See Feed Point Drawing here!

At this point, I attached my SWR meter and started adjusting the braid exposing more or less of the unshielded portion of the remaining feed wire until I achieved the lowest SWR. I used another pull tie and covered the braids with electrical tape. This completed the antenna.
Either one of the charts below should give you the needed dimensions for the 11Meter CB band or 10 meter dimensions for hams that hold Tech class privileges and above.
I used the first chart below for the 10 meter band.
10 Meter Quad length chart:

10 Meter Ham Center Freq: 28.4Mhz

Total Arm Dimension In Inches:
From Boom Center Line to End of Tips

Each Side (Inches)

Finished
Total Length (Inches)

(Boom length = 60 inches)

Reflector: 77

Reflector: 108 13/16

435 1/4


Driven: 75

Driven: 106 1/8

424 5/8

11 Meter Quad length chart:

11 Meter CB Center Freq: 27.205Mhz
Ch 20

Total Arm Dimension In Inches:
From Boom Center Line to End of Tips

Each Side (Inches)

Finished
Total Length (Inches)

(Boom length = 62 inches)

Reflector: 80 3/8

Reflector: 113 5/8

454 3/8


Driven: 78 3/8

Driven: 110 7/8

443 1/4

One last thing, I had to buy a short piece of clear 1/2' dia. plastic tubing and cut it into 2 inch sections. I slid two pieces onto each of the fiberglass spreaders before inserting them into the 12-inch spreader supports. Seems the 1/2 inch dia. PVC pipe, isn't 1/2 inch inside, its 5/8th'.
One of those small problems a person building something from scratch runs into from time to time.
Note:There is an optional balun that might replace the direct connection project box.
It should give acceptable SWR readings on either the 10 or 11 meter version. It uses the same SO 239 52 ohm input and the output uses two thumbscrew connections. The net weight is 3.9 pounds. The weight could be a problem if installed where the project box is connected. Another challenge would be designing a mounting plate with U-bolts to attach it to the Fiberglass spreader. If I decide to upgrade the RF feed, I will do a bit more research before ordering this item. It looks a bit pricy but I also believe 'you get what you pay for'. This upgrade should improve reception a bit and also refine the signal radiation pattern. N1UUE - 73's

Balun - 2:1, High Power, 1.8 to 30 MHz, Cast Aluminum Gasketed Enclosure - DXE-BAL100-H11-C.I located this item on the following website.DX Engineering.com

'If one person takes a chance and builds one and enjoys the project, it would make my day.
Bob Eastman
'
Happy building and 73!
N1UUE Mexico, Maine. (See his website for any updates to this project)
Email Bob for questions: eastcom 1 at gwi.net (remove spaces)

Here are a few links you might use. This is where I ordered some of my parts.
These links may be useful to others.

Some suggested sources for materials:

Greenhouse Megastore PVC 5 way connector
U.S. Plastic Nylon rod
Plumbing Hardware Store.com PVC reducing bushing
Kencove Farm Fence Supplies Fibergalss rods
Ebay 6061-T651 Aluminum Plate, 1/4' x 4' x 12'

Local hardware stores, auto parts stores, etc for hardware

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